La generazione di numeri casuali è un requisito comune in molte applicazioni di programmazione e C++ fornisce diversi modi per generare numeri casuali entro un determinato intervallo. In questo articolo esploreremo diversi metodi per generare numeri casuali compresi tra 1 e 10 in C++.
Metodo 1:
Utilizzando la funzione rand():
Uno dei metodi più semplici per generare un numero casuale compreso tra 1 e 10 in C++ è Rand() funzione. Questa funzione è definita nel file di intestazione e genera un numero intero casuale compreso in un intervallo di 0 A RAND_MAX . Il valore di RAND_MAX dipende dall'implementazione e può variare da compilatore a compilatore.
Esempio:
Facciamo un esempio per generare un numero casuale compreso tra 1 e 10 utilizzando la funzione rand(), possiamo utilizzare il seguente codice:
#include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { srand(time(0)); cout<< 'Random number between 1 and 10 is: '<<endl; for(int i="0;i<10;i++)" cout << (rand() % 10) + 1<<' '; return 0; } < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Random number between 1 and 10 is: 4 5 7 10 7 5 1 7 10 2 </pre> <p>In this code, we have included the <strong> <em></em> </strong> and <strong> <em></em> </strong> header files. The <strong> <em>srand()</em> </strong> function is used to initialize the random number generator with the current time as the seed. It ensures that every time the program is run, a new sequence of random numbers is generated.</p> <p>The <strong> <em>rand()</em> </strong> function is used to generate a random integer between 0 and <strong> <em>RAND_MAX</em> </strong> . To limit the range between 1 and 10, we take the remainder of this number when divided by 10 and add 1 to it.</p> <h3>Method 2:</h3> <p> <strong>Using C++11 random library</strong> </p> <p>The <strong> <em>C++11</em> </strong> standard introduced a new library called <strong> <em></em> </strong> that provides a better way to generate random numbers. This library provides several random number generation engines and distributions that can generate random numbers with a uniform distribution.</p> <p> <strong>Example:</strong> </p> <p>Let's take an example to generate a random number between 1 and 10 using the <strong> <em></em> </strong> library, we can use the following code:</p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { random_device rand; mt19937 gen(rand()); uniform_int_distributiondis(1, 10); int random_number = dis(gen); cout<< 'Random number between 1 and 10 is: ' <<random_number<<endl; return 0; } < pre> <p>In this code, we have included the <strong> <em></em> </strong> header file. The <strong> <em>random_device</em> </strong> class is used to obtain a seed value for the random number generator. The <strong> <em>mt19937</em> </strong> class is a random number generation engine that produces random numbers with a uniform distribution. The <strong> <em>uniform_int_distribution</em> </strong> class is used to generate random integers within a given range.</p> <p>By default, the <strong> <em>mt19937</em> </strong> engine uses a seed value of <strong> <em>5489</em> </strong> , which can be changed using the <strong> <em>seed()</em> </strong> method. However, it is recommended to use a <strong> <em>random_device</em> </strong> to obtain a seed value for better randomness.</p> <p>The <strong> <em>uniform_int_distribution</em> </strong> class generates random integers with a uniform distribution within a given range. In this code, we have specified the range as <strong> <em>1</em> </strong> to <strong> <em>10</em> </strong> using the constructor.</p> <p>This method provides better randomness and a uniform distribution of generated numbers compared to the <strong> <em>rand()</em> </strong> function. However, it is slower and more complex to implement.</p> <h3>Method 3:</h3> <p> <strong>Using modulo operator with time():</strong> </p> <p>Another method to generate a random number between 1 and 10 is the <strong> <em>modulo operator</em> </strong> with the current time as a seed value. This method is similar to the first method using <strong> <em>rand()</em> </strong> function, but it uses a more random seed value and provides better randomness.</p> <p> <strong>Example:</strong> </p> <p>Let's take an example to generate a random number between 1 and 10 using the modulo operator with <strong> <em>time()</em> </strong> , we can use the following code:</p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { srand(time(0)); cout<< 'Random number between 1 and 10 is: ' <<endl; for(int i="0;i<10;i++)" cout << (rand() % 10) + 1<<' '; return 0; } < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Random number between 1 and 10 is: 6 6 3 6 10 10 1 7 6 4 </pre> <p>In this code, we have used the <strong> <em>time()</em> </strong> function to obtain the current time as a seed value for the <strong> <em>srand()</em> </strong> function. The <strong> <em>srand()</em> </strong> function is used to initialize the random number generator. The <strong> <em>rand()</em> </strong> function generates a random integer between 0 and <strong> <em>RAND_MAX</em> </strong> , which is then limited to a range between 1 and 10 using the <strong> <em>modulo operator</em> </strong> and adding 1 to it.</p> <h2>Conclusion:</h2> <p>In conclusion, there are several methods to generate random numbers between 1 and 10 in C++. The choice of method depends on the requirements of the application, such as <strong> <em>speed, randomness</em> </strong> , and <strong> <em>uniformity</em> </strong> of generated numbers. While the <strong> <em>rand()</em> </strong> function is the simplest and easiest to implement, it may not provide good randomness and uniformity. The <strong> <em></em> </strong> library provides a better way to generate random numbers with a uniform distribution, but it is slower and more complex to implement. The <strong> <em>XORShift</em> </strong> algorithm provides good <strong> <em>randomness</em> </strong> and <strong> <em>uniformity</em> </strong> , but it is more complex to implement and may not be as fast as the <strong> <em>rand()</em> </strong> function.</p> <hr></endl;></pre></random_number<<endl;></pre></endl;> In questo codice abbiamo incluso il file E file di intestazione. IL sabbia() La funzione viene utilizzata per inizializzare il generatore di numeri casuali con l'ora corrente come seme. Garantisce che ogni volta che il programma viene eseguito, venga generata una nuova sequenza di numeri casuali.
IL Rand() la funzione viene utilizzata per generare un numero intero casuale compreso tra 0 e RAND_MAX . Per limitare l'intervallo tra 1 e 10, prendiamo il resto di questo numero diviso per 10 e vi aggiungiamo 1.
Metodo 2:
Utilizzando la libreria casuale C++ 11
IL C++11 standard ha introdotto una nuova libreria chiamata che fornisce un modo migliore per generare numeri casuali. Questa libreria fornisce diversi motori e distribuzioni di generazione di numeri casuali in grado di generare numeri casuali con una distribuzione uniforme.
Esempio:
Facciamo un esempio per generare un numero casuale compreso tra 1 e 10 utilizzando il comando libreria, possiamo usare il seguente codice:
#include #include using namespace std; int main() { random_device rand; mt19937 gen(rand()); uniform_int_distributiondis(1, 10); int random_number = dis(gen); cout<< 'Random number between 1 and 10 is: ' <<random_number<<endl; return 0; } < pre> <p>In this code, we have included the <strong> <em></em> </strong> header file. The <strong> <em>random_device</em> </strong> class is used to obtain a seed value for the random number generator. The <strong> <em>mt19937</em> </strong> class is a random number generation engine that produces random numbers with a uniform distribution. The <strong> <em>uniform_int_distribution</em> </strong> class is used to generate random integers within a given range.</p> <p>By default, the <strong> <em>mt19937</em> </strong> engine uses a seed value of <strong> <em>5489</em> </strong> , which can be changed using the <strong> <em>seed()</em> </strong> method. However, it is recommended to use a <strong> <em>random_device</em> </strong> to obtain a seed value for better randomness.</p> <p>The <strong> <em>uniform_int_distribution</em> </strong> class generates random integers with a uniform distribution within a given range. In this code, we have specified the range as <strong> <em>1</em> </strong> to <strong> <em>10</em> </strong> using the constructor.</p> <p>This method provides better randomness and a uniform distribution of generated numbers compared to the <strong> <em>rand()</em> </strong> function. However, it is slower and more complex to implement.</p> <h3>Method 3:</h3> <p> <strong>Using modulo operator with time():</strong> </p> <p>Another method to generate a random number between 1 and 10 is the <strong> <em>modulo operator</em> </strong> with the current time as a seed value. This method is similar to the first method using <strong> <em>rand()</em> </strong> function, but it uses a more random seed value and provides better randomness.</p> <p> <strong>Example:</strong> </p> <p>Let's take an example to generate a random number between 1 and 10 using the modulo operator with <strong> <em>time()</em> </strong> , we can use the following code:</p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { srand(time(0)); cout<< 'Random number between 1 and 10 is: ' <<endl; for(int i="0;i<10;i++)" cout << (rand() % 10) + 1<<\' \'; return 0; } < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Random number between 1 and 10 is: 6 6 3 6 10 10 1 7 6 4 </pre> <p>In this code, we have used the <strong> <em>time()</em> </strong> function to obtain the current time as a seed value for the <strong> <em>srand()</em> </strong> function. The <strong> <em>srand()</em> </strong> function is used to initialize the random number generator. The <strong> <em>rand()</em> </strong> function generates a random integer between 0 and <strong> <em>RAND_MAX</em> </strong> , which is then limited to a range between 1 and 10 using the <strong> <em>modulo operator</em> </strong> and adding 1 to it.</p> <h2>Conclusion:</h2> <p>In conclusion, there are several methods to generate random numbers between 1 and 10 in C++. The choice of method depends on the requirements of the application, such as <strong> <em>speed, randomness</em> </strong> , and <strong> <em>uniformity</em> </strong> of generated numbers. While the <strong> <em>rand()</em> </strong> function is the simplest and easiest to implement, it may not provide good randomness and uniformity. The <strong> <em></em> </strong> library provides a better way to generate random numbers with a uniform distribution, but it is slower and more complex to implement. The <strong> <em>XORShift</em> </strong> algorithm provides good <strong> <em>randomness</em> </strong> and <strong> <em>uniformity</em> </strong> , but it is more complex to implement and may not be as fast as the <strong> <em>rand()</em> </strong> function.</p> <hr></endl;></pre></random_number<<endl;> In questo codice abbiamo utilizzato il file tempo() funzione per ottenere l'ora corrente come valore seed per sabbia() funzione. IL sabbia() la funzione viene utilizzata per inizializzare il generatore di numeri casuali. IL Rand() la funzione genera un numero intero casuale compreso tra 0 e RAND_MAX , che viene quindi limitato a un intervallo compreso tra 1 e 10 utilizzando l' modulo operatore e aggiungendo 1 ad esso.
Conclusione:
In conclusione, esistono diversi metodi per generare numeri casuali compresi tra 1 e 10 in C++. La scelta del metodo dipende dai requisiti dell'applicazione, ad esempio velocità, casualità , E uniformità dei numeri generati. Mentre il Rand() La funzione è la più semplice e facile da implementare, potrebbe non fornire una buona casualità e uniformità. IL fornisce un modo migliore per generare numeri casuali con una distribuzione uniforme, ma è più lento e complesso da implementare. IL XORShift l'algoritmo fornisce una buona risposta casualità E uniformità , ma è più complesso da implementare e potrebbe non essere veloce come il Rand() funzione.